Abstract: The correlation between multivariate earthquake intensity measures and structural damage was comprehensively studied by incorporating multiple earthquake intensity measures and adopting the principal component analysis method. The single degree of freedom systems were used as the study objects, which were defined by three kinds of constitutive models. A set of 80 real ground motion records were selected as the inputs, and the structural responses in terms of maximum displacement and hysteretic energy were calculated. Ten earthquake intensity measures were selected, and the principal component analysis method was adopted to construct the principal linear combination of the earthquake intensity measures. Then the correlation between the principal components of multivariate earthquake intensity measures and the structural damage was studied. The results show that, compared with the correlation between a single earthquake intensity measure and structural damage, the correlation between the principal components of earthquake intensity measures and the structural damage is more stable since it considers multiple earthquake intensity measures.