Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the expansion factor of the traditional variable universe fuzzy PID control algorithm (VUFP) cannot be adaptively adjusted, a variable universe fuzzy PID vibration control method based on the adaptive expansion factor is established to further improve the vibration control effect. On the basis of the traditional VUFP algorithm, the system error and error change rate are taken as inputs and the scaling factor parameters are taken as outputs, and an adaptive adjustment function of scaling factor is proposed. From the aspects of non-zero, duality, monotonicity, normality and coordination, the rationality of the proposed adaptive adjustment function is proved theoretically. Based on VUFP algorithm, the real-time adaptive adjustment of the parameters of the adjustment function is realized by using the system error and the error change rate, thus avoiding the problem that the control effect is reduced due to the lacking of fuzzy rules for the expansion factor in VUFP algorithm. The vibration control results of three-story frame model and experimental structure show that the proposed control method can realize the adaptive adjustment of functional expansion factor parameters, and the control effect for acceleration, velocity and displacement of frame structure is better than that of PID and VUFP control algorithms, so the proposed control method provides a new control algorithm for vibration control of building structures.