基于NSRFG方法的标准地貌风场大涡模拟研究

胡晓兵; 杨易

doi:10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2019.10.0601

基于NSRFG方法的标准地貌风场大涡模拟研究

胡晓兵,
杨易^,

华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室，广东，广州 510641

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51478194)

详细信息

作者简介:
胡晓兵(1992−)，男，河南信阳人，硕士生，主要从事结构风工程研究(E-mail: xiaobing976@163.com)

通讯作者:
杨　易(1975−)，男，湖北武汉人，研究员，工学博士，主要从事结构风工程研究(E-mail: ctyangyi@scut.edu.cn)

中图分类号: TU312.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-14
- 修回日期: 2020-02-08
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-06

RESEARCH ON NSRFG-BASED LES SIMULATION FOR STANDARD WIND TERRAINS

HU Xiao-bing,
YANG Yi^,

State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China

摘要

摘要: 大涡模拟中入流湍流的准确模拟，是计算风工程领域当前研究的热点；准确定义与各类地貌大气边界层湍流特征相符的入流边界条件，是进行建筑结构风效应研究的前提(也是当前研究的难题)。该文在新提出的以湍流合成法为基础的LES入流湍流生成技术—NSRFG方法上，研究了数学模型中若干参数的适当取值问题。通过数值分析对采样频率间距Δƒ、引入的时间尺度因子 ${\tau }_{0}$ 和空间尺度因子θ、衰减系数 ${c}_{j}$ 及调谐因子 ${\gamma }_{j}$ 等重要参数进行敏感性研究，分析了上述参数的取值对所生成湍流脉动风速功率谱、均方值和空间相关性等模拟结果的影响；在此基础上建议了一套与中国规范四类标准地貌风场相对应的参数表，从而建立基于该方法的“标准数值风场模型”；通过实例对四类标准地貌边界层湍流风场进行数值模拟和平衡态检验。研究表明：上述关键参数的赋值对采用NSRFG方法进行大气边界层湍流风场的重构影响显著，该文基于NSRFG方法所建议的标准地貌数值风场模型，对研究者采用LES进行结构风工程的数值模拟研究具有一定的参考价值。
- 大涡模拟 /
- NSRFG方法 /
- 入流湍流生成 /
- 敏感性研究 /
- 脉动风速功率谱 /
- 空间相关性
Abstract: Accurately simulating inflow turbulence for large eddy simulation (LES) is a hot topic in the field of computational wind engineering. Defining appropriate inflow boundary conditions in accordance with the turbulence characteristics of various atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) is a prerequisite and indeed a great challenge in numerical research of wind effects on building structures at current stage. Based on the newly proposed LES inflow turbulence generation technology-NSRFG method, which belongs to the category of the turbulence synthesis method, the appropriate values of several parameters in the mathematical model were systematically studied. Detailed parameter sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate several key parameters, including the sampling frequency intervals Δƒ, the introduced time scale factor ${\tau }_{0}$ , the introduced spatial scale factor θ, the decay coefficient ${c}_{j}$ and the tuning factor ${\gamma }_{j}$ , on the simulated turbulent fluctuating wind velocity spectra, the RMS values as well as the spatial correlations. Based on it, a serials of model parameters corresponding to four typical standard wind terrains defined in Chinese building code were then proposed in order to build a ‘standard numerical wind terrain model’. Numerical simulations and equilibrium state verifications for those standard wind fields were subsequently performed. The results showed that key parameters had significant impacts on the numerical reconstructions of the turbulent wind fields by employing NSRFG method, and the proposed standard numerical wind terrain models would be referential for similar LES research of building structures.
- large eddy simulation /
- NSRFG method /
- inflow turbulence generation /
- sensitivity analysis /
- fluctuating wind velocity spectrum /
- spatial correlations

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图 1 不同采样频率间隔的脉动风速功率谱比较

Figure 1. Comparison of the spectra of the fluctuating velocities with different frequency intervals

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图 2 不同频率间隔脉动速度的空间相关性比较

Figure 2. Comparison of non-dimensional spatial correlation of the fluctuating velocities with different frequency intervals

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 三维脉动速度的时间相关性比较

Figure 3. Comparison of non-dimensional time correlation of the three-dimensional fluctuating velocities

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图 4 脉动风速时间尺度随 ${\tau }_{0}$ 变化的统计特性

Figure 4. Time scale statistics of the fluctuating velocity as a function of ${\tau }_{0}$

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图 5 不同时间尺度因子 ${\tau }_{0}$ 下的顺风向湍流积分尺度比较

Figure 5. Comparison of longitudinal turbulence integral scales with different time-correlation factors ( ${\tau }_{0}$ )

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图 6 LES计算域、边界条件设置及网格划分示意图

Figure 6. Computational domain, boundary conditions and mesh schemes for LES calculation

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图 7 四类标准地貌风场平均风速和湍流度剖面

Figure 7. Mean wind speed and turbulence intensity profiles of four standard wind terrain categories

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图 8 x=L/3处瞬时速度云图

Figure 8. Instantaneous velocity magnitude contours at x=L/3

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图 9 模拟的四类湍流风场脉动风速时程

Figure 9. Fluctuating velocity-time histories of four standard wind terrain categories

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图 10 四类湍流风场计算域流向风谱与目标谱比较

Figure 10. Comparison between alongwind spectrum of four wind terrain categories in computational domain and the target one

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表 1 基本数值模型湍流风场参数设置

Table 1 Parameters of the turbulent wind flow for the basic numerical model

参数	定义
风场类别	C类地貌
平均速度	$\begin{array}{c} {U_{ {av} } } = {U_{\rm{ref} } }{\left( {\dfrac{ {\textit{z} } }{ { {{\textit{z}} _{\rm{ref} } } } } } \right)^\alpha } \\ {U_{\rm{ref} } } = 11.1 {\text{ m/s} },\;{ {\textit{z} } _{\rm{ref} } } = 0.61{\text{ m} },\;\alpha = 0.22 \\ \end{array}$
湍流强度	$\begin{array}{c} {I_{ {u} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right) = {I_{10} }{\left( {\dfrac{{\textit{z}} }{ { {{\textit{z}} _{10} } } } } \right)^{ - \alpha } } \\ {I_{ {v} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right) = {I_{ {u} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right)\dfrac{ { {\sigma _{ {v} } } } }{ { {\sigma _{ {u} } } } },{I_{ {w} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right) = {I_{ {u} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right)\dfrac{ { {\sigma _{ {w} } } } }{ { {\sigma _{ {u} } } } } \\ \end{array}$
湍流积分尺度	$\begin{array}{c}{L_{ {u} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right) = 300{\left( {\dfrac{{\textit{z}} }{ {300} } } \right)^{0.46 + 0.074\ln {{\textit{z}} _0} } }\\{L_{ {v} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right) = 0.5{\left( {\dfrac{ { {\sigma _{ {v} } } } }{ { {\sigma _{ {u} } } } } } \right)^3}{L_{ {u} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right),\;{L_{ {w} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right) = 0.5{\left( {\dfrac{ { {\sigma _{ {w} } } } }{ { {\sigma _{ {u} } } } } } \right)^3}{L_{ {u} } }\left( {\textit{z}} \right)\end{array}$
注：根据欧洲规范(ESDU 85020)，表中部分参数计算如下： $\dfrac{ { {\sigma _{ {v} } } } }{ { {\sigma _{ {u} } } } } = 1 - 0.22{\cos ^4}\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2}\dfrac{{\textit{z}} }{h} } \right)$ ， $\dfrac{ { {\sigma _{ {w} } } } }{ { {\sigma _{ {u} } } } } = 1 - 0.45{\cos ^4}\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2}\dfrac{{\textit{z}} }{h} } \right)$ ， $h = \dfrac{{{u_}}}{{6f}}$ ， ${u_}$ 为摩擦速度， ${{\textit{z}} _0} = 0.7{\text{ m} }$ ， $f = 2\Omega \sin \varphi$ ， $\Omega = 72.9 \times {10^{ - 6}}$ ， ${\rm{\varphi}} {\rm{ = }}23.16{7^0}$ (地区纬度)。

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表 2 不同采样频率间隔的脉动风速均方根比较

Table 2 Comparisons of the RMS values of the fluctuating velocities with different frequency intervals

采样频率间隔Δƒ	空间三维脉动风速均方根
采样频率间隔Δƒ	${\sigma _u }$	${\sigma _v }$	${\sigma _w }$
5 (N=50)	1.265	1.021	0.691
2.5 (N=100)	1.322	1.016	0.692
1.25 (N=200)	1.324	1.016	0.692
0.50 (N=500)	1.327	1.016	0.692
0.25 (N=1000)	1.329	1.016	0.692
0.15 (N=1666)	1.334	1.018	0.692
目标值	1.347	1.051	0.741

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表 3 时间尺度统计特性比较

Table 3 Comparison of time scale statistics

间尺度因子 ${\tau }_{0}$	空间三维时间尺度/s
间尺度因子 ${\tau }_{0}$	${T}_{u}$	${T}_{v}$	${T}_{w}$
$0.50$	$0.0306 \pm 0.0012$	$0.0084 \pm 0.0001$	$0.0032 \pm 0.0001$
$0.80$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0481}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0010}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0134}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0002}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0051}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0001}}$
$0.96$	$0.0576 \pm 0.0007$	$0.0161 \pm 0.0003$	$0.0060 \pm 0.0001$
$1.00$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0593}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0048}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0167}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0005}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0063}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0001}}$
$1.20$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0725}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0018}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0200}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0004}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0076}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0001}}$
$1.50$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.1001}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0128}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0259}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0011}}$	${\rm{0}}{\rm{.0096}} \pm {\rm{0}}{\rm{.0003}}$
目标值	0.0587	0.0139	0.0049

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表 4 不同空间尺度因子下的脉动风速均方根比较

Table 4 Comparison of the RMS values of the fluctuating velocities with different spatial scale factors

空间尺度因子 $\theta$	空间三维脉动风速均方根
空间尺度因子 $\theta$	${\sigma _u}$	${\sigma _v}$	${\sigma _w}$
0.4	1.309	0.987	0.649
0.6	1.318	1.002	0.671
0.8	1.324	1.010	0.684
1.0	1.327	1.016	0.692
1.5	1.331	1.024	0.704
2.0	1.335	1.028	0.710
2.5	1.336	1.031	0.714

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表 5 基于NSRFG方法的四种标准地貌参数建议值

Table 5 Suggested parameters in the NSRFG methods for four standard wind terrain categories

地貌类别	NSRFG方法中参数取值
地貌类别	${c}_{1}$	${c}_{2}$	${c}_{3}$	${\gamma }_{1}$	${\gamma }_{2}$	${\gamma }_{3}$
A类地貌	10	15	15	3.36	2.98	2.98
B类地貌	10	12	12	2.25	2.10	2.10
C类地貌	10	12	12	2.46	2.35	2.20
D类地貌	10	12	12	2.85	2.60	2.52

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表 6 LES计算格式和参数设置

Table 6 Calculation formats and parameters in the LES

计算格式	参数设置
压力离散格式	二阶迎风
时间离散格式	二阶隐式
动量方程离散格式	有界中心差分
压力、速度耦合	PISO算法
亚格子模型	壁面自适应局部涡粘模型(WALE)

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表 7 四类地貌顺风向脉动风速均方值与目标值的比较

Table 7 Comparison between RMS values of along-wind velocities for the four standard wind terrain categories and target values

风场类别	目标值 ${\sigma }_{u}$	模拟值 ${\sigma }_{u}$	相对误差/(%)
A类地貌	0.940	0.910	3.2
B类地貌	1.004	0.960	4.4
C类地貌	1.347	1.307	3.0
D类地貌	1.811	1.732	4.4

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