Abstract: Theoretical research into earthquake damage prediction for buildings is of significance in earthquake damage prevention and earthquake emergency management. However, with the development of structural types and codes for aseismic design of buildings, the current theories for earthquake damage prediction are still imperfect. In this work, a method for single-building earthquake damage prediction based on a fuzzy analytical hierarchy approach is proposed. To begin with, the standard earthquake damage indices of buildings in one city, or region, are calculated by analyzing the seismic vulnerability of various types of buildings. Then, the main factors influencing the earthquake damage of buildings are analyzed according to the historical earthquake damage and earthquake damage prediction data. In addition, the weight values of these factors are obtained using a fuzzy analytical hierarchy approach. The relevant correction factors are obtained considering the variation of the average earthquake damage index under different factors. Finally, the earthquake damage index of a building is calculated using a weighted average method, then the earthquake damage grade of the building is obtained. Using this method, the earthquake damage indices of several buildings in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province are calculated in the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. Study results show that these earthquake damage grades are consistent with the results of on-site safety assessments.