EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING: FROM EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE, ENERGY DISSIPATION, AND ISOLATION, TO RESILIENCE

In recent years, the research on earthquake engineering in our country showed a tendency of development from earthquake resistance, energy dissipation, and isolation to resilience. Earthquake resilience can be defined as the capability of restoring the function for a structure, a system or a city after it has been interrupted by an earthquake event. In respect of structures, an earthquake resilient structure should not only protect life safety during a seismic event, but also restore its function quickly enough after the earthquake in order to minimize the influence to immediate occupancy. The fundamental concepts of earthquake resilience are introduced first. After that, the characteristics of an earthquake resilient structure and its uniqueness compared to a conventional structure are addressed over the aspects of seismic fortification objective, design code and standard, structural systems, design methods, performance indexes and project applications. Lastly, the direction of future development for earthquake resilient structures is forecasted.