Abstract: With the advancement of computer technology, building structural design has entered a new stage of development, and simulation-based and artificial intelligence (AI)-based design are two significant development avenues. Simulation-based design is an essential tool for designing complex and unique structures or under special loading conditions beyond the design specifications. The primary obstacle is to develop a simulation approach that can accurately and effectively represent the mechanical behavior of structures under earthquake, fire, wind, and other disasters. Moreover, by learning from existing design cases, AI-based design can efficiently develop structural design drawings that fulfill the needs of engineering experience and design standards, thereby improving the efficiency of structural design. The critical difficulty lies in the learning and expression of engineering knowledge and structural features. This paper describes the typical cases of simulation-based seismic, fire-resistant, and wind-resistant designs conducted by the author’s team, along with the intelligent structural design techniques based on generative adversarial networks and graph neural networks. Different intelligent structural design levels (L0-L5) are proposed. In addition, the paper proposes the future development direction of the combination of simulation-based design with AI-based design.