RESEARCH ON HORIZONTAL BEARING CAPACITY OF MONOPILE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE BASED ON EFFICIENT PILE FINIT-ELEMENT METHOD
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摘要: 海上风力发电机单桩支撑结构由单桩、过渡段和锥形塔筒组成。海洋土体变异性大和风机塔筒变截面的特点大幅增大了使用离散弹簧法进行支撑结构计算的梁单元划分量。为实现对风机支撑结构的高效模拟，该文提出了一种改进的欧拉-伯努利梁单元，该单元实现了桩土相互作用关系的内置和对单元变截面的考虑，相较于传统梁单元大幅度减少了单元划分量。该文在单层与多层土体中验证了上述单元的精确性与高效性，并研究了新型单元在风机单桩支撑结构计算中的适用性。在此基础上，进行了风机单桩水平承载性能参数分析，研究了桩长与桩径对大直径桩水平变形规律和承载力的联合影响，研究给出了不同于现有规范的刚性短桩-中长桩划分的相对刚度特征值临界范围。Abstract: The monopile supporting structure of offshore wind turbine is composed of monopiles, transitions and conical towers. The large variability of Marine Soil and the characteristic of variable cross-section of wind turbine tower greatly increase the number of divided beam elements in finite element calculation of supporting structures using discrete spring method. In order to achieve efficient simulation of monopile supporting structure, an improved Euler-Bernoulli beam element was proposed in this paper. This element realized the built-in relationship between pile and soil, and could consider the variable section effect of tower section. Compared with traditional beam element, the number of divided elements was reduced greatly by using the improved element. The accuracy and efficiency of the improved element was verified in single-layer and multi-layer soil, and the applicability of the element to the calculation of monopile supporting structure was studied. This paper carried out a parameter analysis of monopile lateral bearing capacity, which analyzed the combined influence of pile length and diameter on lateral deformation characteristics and bearing capacity of large diameter piles. And the research suggested a new critical range of relative stiffness eigenvalues between rigid short pile and medium long pile, which is different from that given in existing standard.
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图 4 压缩后的单元节点位移和节点力分量
Figure 4. Element node displacement and node force components after compression
图 6 不同单元数目下高性能桩单元水平位移曲线
Figure 6. Horizontal displacement curve of efficient element under different number of elements
图 8 不同单元数目下两类单元水平位移-荷载对比曲线
Figure 8. Lateral displacement-load curve of two kinds of element under different element number
图 11 4种工况下桩体水平变形曲线
Figure 11. Horizontal displacement curve of pile under four working conditions
图 12 不同桩长、桩径桩水平位移曲线
Figure 12. Horizontal displacement curves of piles with different pile lengths and diameters
图 13 不同桩长-桩径组合桩基水平承载力云图
Figure 13. Horizontal bearing capacity of pile with different lengths and diameters
类型 厚度/m 重度/(kN·m−3) 摩擦角/(°) 土层锥尖阻力/kPa 粉砂 50 19.7 32 5860 
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类型 厚度/m 重度/
(kN·m−3)摩擦角/
(°)粘聚力/
kPa土层锥尖
阻力/kPa淤泥质粉粘土 3.2 16.2 0 5 800 粉质粘土 7.6 19.0 0 35 1930 粉砂 31.1 20.5 30 0 5860
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表 4 风机支撑结构参数
Table 4. Parameters of wind turbine support structure
参数 参数值 塔筒长度L1/m 100 桩基长度L2/m 40 塔筒底部半径D1/m 5 塔筒顶部半径D2 /m 3 壁厚tw/mm 75 弹性模量/MPa 2.06×105 泊松比 0.3
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土层类型 厚度/m 重度/(kN/m3) 土层锥尖阻力/kPa 粉土 5.2 19.9 3030 粉砂 4.8 19.7 5860 粉砂 8.2 19.7 9920 粉质粘土 4.3 19.5 2310 粉质粘土 6.5 19.5 2110 层状粉土 7.5 19.7 4890 粉砂 5.5 19.1 10 980
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表 6 基于叶素-动量理论得到的2 MW叶轮气动力值[35]
Table 6. Aerodynamic value of 2 MW impeller based on blade element momentum theory[35]
平均风速
V10/(m·s−1)水平力T/
kN弯矩M/
(kN·m)平均风速
V10/(m·s−1)水平力T/
kN弯矩M/
(kN·m)4.5 71.5 222.6 15.5 286.4 2179.2 6.5 148.2 461.5 17.5 305.7 2523.3 8.5 240.6 1054.3 19.5 292.4 2319.2 10.5 278.1 1468.6 21.5 287.3 2709.1 12.5 288.7 1741.6 23.5 353.4 3396.8 14.5 291.7 1922.2 24.5 360.9 3480.2
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表 7 桩基变形模式评判标准
Table 7. Evaluation criteria for pile foundation deformation mode
弹性长桩 中长桩 刚性桩 L≥4T 4T≥L≥2.5T 2.5T≥L
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表 8 不同参数组合下桩基L/T值
Table 8. L/T value of pile under different parameter combinations
桩长/m 直径/m D=3 m D=4 m D=5 m D=6 m D=7 m D=8 m D=9 m 15 0.57 0.50 0.45 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 20 0.75 0.66 0.60 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.46 25 0.94 0.83 0.75 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.58 30 1.13 0.99 0.90 0.83 0.77 0.73 0.70 35 1.32 1.16 1.05 0.97 0.90 0.85 0.81 40 1.51 1.32 1.20 1.10 1.03 0.97 0.93 45 1.7 1.49 1.34 1.24 1.16 1.10 1.04 50 1.88 1.65 1.49 1.38 1.29 1.22 1.16
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