UNCOUPLED ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE OF WIND TURBINES IN THE OPERATIONAL CONDITION
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摘要: 对于运行状态的风力发电机，其地震响应涉及风荷载与地震的联合激励。为建立风-地震共同作用下风力机动力响应的解耦分析方法，该文基于最小二乘法，建立水平轴风力机模态气动阻尼比简化模型；将叶轮气动阻力以等效阻尼比施加于支撑结构，形成风力机地震响应的解耦分析方法，与耦合方法模拟结果进行比较，验证解耦方法的可靠性。结果表明：双线性模型能够准确模拟风力机模态气动阻尼比随轮毂高度处10 min平均风速变化的规律，解耦方法得到的风力机塔顶加速度和塔底弯矩峰值与耦合方法所得结果的误差不超过15%，同时，解耦方法的计算效率也高于耦合方法。Abstract: For the wind tubrines in their running conditions, their seismic responses involve the combined excitation of wind and earthquake loadings. In order to establish an uncoupled analysis method for the dynamic response of wind turbines excited by wind and earthquake, a bilinear simplified model for the aerodynamic damping ratios of horizontal-axis wind turbines was established by the least square method first. An uncoupled seismic response analysis method was built up where the aerodynamic damping forces on the rotor were replaced by equivalent modal aerodynamic damping ratios added to the support structure. The simulation results of this uncoupled method were compared with those of the coupled one to evaluate the reliability of this decoupled model. The analysis result indicates that the bilinear model can describe the regularity of modal aerodynamic damping ratios with respect to mean wind speed at the hub-height. Both errors of tower-top acceleration amplitudes and tower-base bending moment amplitudes obtained by the uncoupled and coupled method are less than 15 %. In addition, the computational efficiency of this uncoupled method is higher than that of the coupled one.
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图 2 NREL 5 MW风力机模态气动阻尼比
Figure 2. Modal aerodynamic damping ratios of NREL 5 MW wind turbine
图 3 NREL 5 MW风力机前后向模态气动阻尼比
Figure 3. Modal aerodynamic damping ratios of fore-aft modes for NREL 5 MW wind turbine
图 4 NREL 5 MW风力机侧向模态气动阻尼比
Figure 4. Modal aerodynamic damping ratios of side-side modes for NREL 5 MW wind turbine
图 6 Bolu强震记录单独激励下的风力发电机塔底弯矩
Figure 6. Tower-base bending moment of wind turbine excited by Bolu seismic record only
图 7 稳态风-Bolu波共同激励下的风力发电机动力响应
Figure 7. Dynamic response of wind turbine excited by combined steady wind and Bolu wave
图 8 Chy101强震记录单独激励下的风力发电机塔底弯矩
Figure 8. Tower-base bending moment of wind turbine excited by Chy101 seismic record only
图 9 稳态风-Chy101波激励下的风力发电机动力响应
Figure 9. Dynamic response of wind turbine excited by steady wind and Chy101 wave
图 10 Bolu波-湍流风激励下的塔身响应峰值
Figure 10. Response amplitudes of the tower when the wind turbine excited by Bolu wave and turbulent wind
图 11 Bolu波-风激励下风力发电机响应峰值
Figure 11. Response amplitude of wind turbines excited by Bolu seismic wave and wind
图 12 Chy101波-湍流风激励下的塔身响应峰值
Figure 12. Response amplitude of the tower induced by Chy101 wave and turbulent wind
图 13 Chy101波-风激励下的风力发电机响应峰值
Figure 13. Response amplitude of wind turbines excited by Chy101 seismic wave and wind
图 14 叶片各单元法向气动荷载
Figure 14. Aerodynamic forces of blade element in the normal direction
图 16 平均风速等于11.4 m/s的解耦模型误差
Figure 16. Errors of uncoupled model when mean wind speed is 11.4 m/s
图 17 平均风速等于5 m/s的解耦模型误差
Figure 17. Errors of uncoupled model when mean wind speed is 5 m/s
图 18 平均风速等于18 m/s的解耦模型误差
Figure 18. Errors of uncoupled model when mean wind speed is 18 m/s
表 1 NREL 5 MW风机的主要性质
Table 1. Properties of NREL 5 MW wind turbines
构件 参数 取值 叶片 叶轮直径/m 126 轮毂高度/m 90 切入、额定、切出风速/(m/s) 3、11.4、25 叶轮切入、额定转速/rpm 6.9、12.1 长度/m 61.5 质量/kg 17 740 结构阻尼比/(%) 0.5 轮毂 轮毂直径/m 3 轮毂质量/kg 56 780 叶轮-机舱 总质量/kg 240 000 ζ 轴转动惯量/(kg·m2) 43 700 000 η 轴转动惯量/(kg·m2) 23 600 000 塔架 塔底、塔顶外径/m 6、3.87 塔底、塔顶壁厚/m 0.027、0.019 总质量/kg 347460 结构阻尼比/(%) 1 
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表 2 拟合曲线参数
Table 2. Parameters of fitting curves
参数 前后向振型 侧向振型 一阶 二阶 一阶 二阶 k 0.311 0.072 0.052 0.0010 b 2.571 0.811 −0.173 −0.0514 R 0.921 0.901 0.989 0.9610
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表 A1 地震地面运动
Table A1. Earthquake Ground motions
序号 地震/时间/年 台站/分量 序号 地震/时间/年 台站/分量 1 Kocaeli/1999 Arcelik/000 26 Erzican/1992 Erzincan/032 2 Duzce/1999 Bolu/000 27 Kocaeli/1999 Izmit/090 3 Loma Prieta/1989 Capitola/000 28 Landers/1992 Lucerne/260 4 Chi-Chi/1999 CHY101/E 29 Cape Mendocino/1992 Petrolia/090 5 Imperial Valley/1979 Delta/262 30 Superstition Hills-02/1987 Parachute Test Site/225 6 Kocaeli/1999 Duzce/180 31 Northridge-01/1994 Rinaldi Receiving Sta./122 7 Imperial Valley/1979 El Centro Array-11/140 32 Loma Prieta/1989 Saratoga-Aloha/090 8 Loma Prieta/1989 Gilroy Array-3/090 33 Irpinia/1980 Sturno/270 9 Hector Mine/1999 Hector/090 34 Northridge-01/1994 Sylmar-Olive View/360 10 Superstition Hills/1987 El Centro Imp. Co./090 35 Chi-Chi/1999 TCU065/E 11 Northridge/1994 Canyon Country-WLC/000 36 Chi-Chi/1999 TCU102/E 12 Northridge/1994 Beverly Hills-Mulhol/009 37 Northridge-01/1994 LA-Sepulveda VA/122 13 Kobe/1995 Nishi-Akashi/000 38 Imperial Valley-06/1979 Bonds Corner/140 14 San Fernando/1971 LA-Hollywood Stor/090 39 Loma Prieta/1989 BRAN/000 15 Superstition Hills/1987 Poe Road (temp)/360 40 Imperial Valley-06/1979 Chihuahua/282 16 Cape Mendocino/1992 Rio Dell Overpass/270 41 Loma Prieta/1989 Corralitos/000 17 Kobe/1995 Shin-Osaka/000 42 Gazli/1976 Karakyr/000 18 Friuli/1976 Tolmezzo/000 43 Nahanni/1985 Site-2/240 19 Landers/1992 Yermo Fire Sta./270 44 Nahanni/1985 Site-1/010 20 Manjil/1990 Abbar/T 45 Northridge-01/1994 Northridge-Saticoy/090 21 Landers/1992 Coolwater/TR 46 Chi-Chi/1999 TCU067/E 22 Chi-Chi/1999 TCU045/E 47 Chi-Chi/1999 TCU084/E 23 Duzce/1999 Duzce/172 48 Kocaeli/1999 Yarimca/330 24 Imperial Valley-06/1979 El Centro Array-6/230 49 Cape Mendocino/1992 Cape Mendocino/000 25 Imperial Valley-06/1979 El Centro Array-7/140 50 Denali/2002 TAPS Pump Sta.-10/047
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