THEORETICAL AND SIMULATION RESEARCH ON TIGHTENING PROCESS OF DOUBLE NUT ANTI-LOOSENING BOLTS
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摘要:
工程中双螺母防松是一种常见的螺栓连接防松形式。为研究双螺母螺栓拧紧过程中的力学性能，考虑螺纹柔性的影响，建立了双螺母螺栓连接的力学模型，对螺纹的受力进行了分析，推导并给出了螺栓杆轴力和螺纹表面接触应力的计算方法，研究了螺纹接触应力的分布规律，以及上下螺母拧紧力矩配比对螺纹接触状态的影响，建立了螺栓预紧力与上下螺母拧紧力矩的关系，分析对比了螺栓规格、螺母厚度配比对螺栓杆轴力分布、接触应力的影响规律。建立了双螺母螺栓的精细化有限元模型，并将仿真结果与理论结果进行了对比验证，结果发现该文推导给出的螺栓杆轴力计算方法与有限元结果吻合很好。
Abstract:Double nut is a common anti-loosening form of bolt connection in engineering practice. In order to study the mechanical properties of double nut bolts during tightening process, the mechanical model of double-nut bolted joint considering the influence of thread flexibility is established, and the thread forces are analyzed. The calculation method is deduced for the bolt rod axial force and the thread surface contact stress. Analyzed on thread contact state are the distribution law of thread contact stress and, the influence of upper and lower nut tightening torque ratio. The relationship between bolt preload and nut tightening torque is established, and the influence of bolt specification and the ratio of upper and lower nut thickness on bolt axial force distribution and on contact stress are compared. The refined finite element models of double-nut bolted joint are established, and the simulation results are compared with the theoretical results. The results show that the calculation method of the bolt rod axial force presented are consistent with the finite element results very well.
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图 7 下螺母拧紧时轴力的仿真与理论对比
Figure 7. Simulation and theoretical comparison of axial force when the lower nut is tightened
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图 8 螺栓预紧力与上螺母拧紧力矩关系曲线
Figure 8. Relationship of bolt preload and upper nut tightening torque
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图 9 螺栓杆轴力仿真与理论结果对比
Figure 9. Simulation and theoretical comparison of bolt rod axial force
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图 10 螺栓杆螺纹接触状态变化(下螺母)
Figure 10. Changes in the contact state of the bolt rod thread (lower nut)
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图 12 接触应力零点与拧紧力矩关系曲线
Figure 12. Relationship between contact stress zero point and tightening torque
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图 13 螺栓规格对螺栓杆轴力、接触应力的影响
Figure 13. Influence of bolt specification on axial force and contact stress of bolt rod
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图 14 螺母厚度比对轴力、接触应力的影响
Figure 14. The influence of the lower and upper nut thickness ratio on the axial force and contact stress
表 1 M16螺栓基本结构参数
Table 1 Basic structural parameters of M16 bolt
参数名称 取值 强度等级 6.8 弹性模量/GPa 206 泊松比 0.3 螺纹公称直径/mm 16 螺距/mm 2 牙型角/(o) 60 夹紧长度/mm 20 螺母高度/mm 14 
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表 2 不同拧紧力矩组合
Table 2 Combination of different tightening torques
模型编号 T1/Ty/(%) T2/Ty/(%) η 1 50 0 − 2 50 10 0.2 3 50 25 0.5 4 50 35 0.7 5 50 50 1.0 6 30 30 1.0 7 70 70 1.0 注：T1为下螺母扭矩；T2为上螺母扭矩；Ty为螺栓屈服载荷Fy对应的扭矩；η为下螺母与上螺母拧紧力矩之比。
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表 3 上螺母拧紧力矩与螺栓预紧力关系
Table 3 Relationship between tightening torque of upper nut and bolt preload
上螺母扭矩T2/(N·m) 5 8 10 15 18 预紧力FP/kN 4.58 4.71 4.92 5.22 5.48
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