THEORY AND METHOD OF RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT OF URBAN CIVIL ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURES
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摘要: 保证城市土木工程基础设施的功能是建设韧性城市的关键。以“灾害/环境作用-结构响应-灾变控制-韧性提升”为主线，从材料、结构、系统等不同尺度，对相关研究成果进行回顾与分析。结果表明：对单一灾害或单一环境作用机制、单一环境作用下结构材料性能退化机理及其恢复方法、单一灾害作用下单体结构的灾变响应与控制等方面有了清晰的认识和技术应对措施。但是，多重灾害和复杂环境作用下城市土木工程基础设施的灾变机理更加复杂、韧性提升难度更大。未来需进一步深入研究多重灾害触发及复杂环境作用机制、复杂环境作用下结构材料性能退化机理及其恢复方法、多灾害与复杂环境作用下单体结构灾变机理与控制方法以及城市土木工程基础设施系统的灾变机理与韧性提升方法。Abstract: It is the foundation to ensure functions of civil engineering infrastructures for building resilient cities. This paper critically reviewed and analyzed the state-of-the-art on 'hazard/environmental action-structural response-hazard control-resilience enhancement' for materials, structures, and systems of civil engineering infrastructures. It was found that mechanisms of a single hazard or a single environmental action, degradation mechanisms and recovery methods of structural materials under a single environmental action, and hazard response analysis and control of a single structure under a single hazard action have been clearly understood. However, failure mechanisms of civil engineering infrastructures under multiple hazards and complex environmental actions are more complicated, and it is more difficult to enhance resilience of urban civil engineering infrastructures considering multiple hazards and complex environmental actions. It is suggested to further identify trigger mechanisms of multiple hazards and action mechanisms of complex environmental conditions, degradation mechanisms and repair methods of structural materials under complex environmental actions, failure mechanisms and control/resilience enhancement methods for a single structure and civil engineering infrastructural systems under multiple hazards and complex environmental actions.
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图 1 多灾害和环境作用下土木工程基础设施性能退化与恢复、提升
Figure 1. Degradation, recovery and enhancement of performance of civil engineering infrastructures under multiple hazards and environmental effects
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图 2 地震-强风相遇概率计算(中国台湾花莲地区)
Figure 2. Encounter probability of concurrent earthquakes and strong winds (Hualian, Taiwan, China)
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图 3 基于Copula函数的震级-风速联合概率分布(中国台湾花莲地区)
Figure 3. Copula-based joint probability density function of earthquake magnitude and wind speed (Hualian, Taiwan, China)
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图 4 海洋大气环境下某服役10年混凝土结构的碳化深度和氯离子含量
Figure 4. Carbonation depth and chloride ion content of a concrete structure subjected to marine atmospheric environment for 10 years
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图 5 不同平均锈蚀率ηs下锈蚀钢筋的应力-应变关系
Figure 5. Stress-strain relationship of corroded steel bars and tendons with different corrosion degrees
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图 6 钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌过程试验结果与基于离散单元法的仿真分析结果
Figure 6. Results of shaking table tests and numerical simulation of collapse process of an RC frame structure based on the discrete element method
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图 7 地震作用下混凝土结构大型冷却塔倒塌过程试验结果和模拟分析结果
Figure 7. Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of collapse process of a reinforced concrete super-large cooling tower under earthquake
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图 8 英国渡桥电厂冷却塔倒塌模拟
Figure 8. Collapse simulation of cooling towers in the Ferrybridge Power Plant, UK
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图 9 上海地铁网络站点关键程度的空间分布
Figure 9. Spatial distribution of station criticality of Shanghai metro network
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图 10 电化学修复混凝土结构技术示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of the electrochemical repairing technology of concrete structures
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