Abstract: The impact behavior of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) subjected to various high strain rates was investigated using a 100-mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus. And it was compared with that of plain concrete. A new nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model for BFRC was proposed and validated with experimental data. Fiber orientation effect was emphasized in the model. The experimental results show that the addition of short basalt fiber can significantly improve the impact compressive strength and energy-absorption capacity of the concrete. Comparison of model output with experimental data indicates that this nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model is able to describe high-strain-rate mechanical behavior of BFRC reasonably.