Abstract: Based on the theories of thermal conductivity and thermal elasticity, the thermal field and thermal stress of different thermal insulation walls with thermal insulation glazed hollow bead mortar were analyzed by applying ANSYS. The calculation showed that the temperature field of the insulating layer and structural layer varied significantly with insulating forms. The temperature of the external insulating layer of external walls changed obviously, so the calculation of the temperature deformation and fatigue thermal stress of the insulating layer should be concerned in the insulation layer’s design. In cold winter and extremely cold climate areas, the temperature of the structural layer in external and composite thermal insulation walls would be above 0℃, while that in interior thermal insulation wall might suffer a positive/negative temperature variation. The structural layer in the interior thermal insulation wall had the largest temperature variation (about 25℃), and the larger thermal stress under the disadvantageous temperature condition, which would adversely affect the durability of the structure.