滚石坡面法向冲击动力响应特性研究

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAL IMPACT OF POST-EARTHQUAKE ROCK-FALL ON SLOPE

  • 摘要: 滚石灾害是5•12地震诱发的主要次生山地灾害之一,因具有随机和不可预见性,成为灾后重建中地质灾害防治的难点。滚石防治的核心问题是解析滚石对坡面的冲击响应,由于冲击过程历时短、变形大和能量转换复杂,通过传统理论分析方法分析较为困难。为此,以Hertz理论为基础,考虑坡体的弹塑性特性,模型化滚石冲击为自由落体冲击的半无限体问题,运用动力有限元数值仿真技术,研究了滚石对坡面法向冲击特性,揭示滚石冲击速度、滚石半径对坡面土体动力响应的影响。结果显示基于弹塑性冲击理论的计算结果与数值模拟结果较为吻合,而完全弹性冲击理论的计算结果偏差较大,即基于弹塑性理论的滚石灾害防护设计更为合理。

     

    Abstract: As one of the most serious secondary mountain hazards of Wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake, the rock-fall is very hard to treat for its randomness and unpredictability. Based on the HERTZ theory, the characteristics of normal impact of rock-fall is studied by utilizing the finite element analysis software, ABAQUS. The analysis considers the elastic-plastic properties of slope materials and simplifies the impact as a mechanical problem of a sphere into a half-space loaded normally. Then the effect of impact velocity and radius of rock-fall on the dynamical response of slope is analyzed. The result shows that the values calculated by elastic-plastic theory agree well with the numerical simulations, while the results given by perfect elastic impact theory are much larger than the actual one, which indicates that the engineering design of rock-sheds based on elastic plastic theory would be more reasonable.

     

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