Abstract: High ductile fiber-reinforced concrete (HDC) was applied for retrofitting the unreinforced concrete block masonry (URM) wall, aiming to improve its seismic performance. Six URM walls were constructed and tested under the in-plane pseudo-static loading to study the effect of the retrofitting configurations (HDC strips or HDC layers) on the seismic behavior of the URM wall. The test results showed that: HDC overlay could restrict the cracking of the wall panel, improve its failure mode, and increase its bearing capacity, deformation and, energy dissipation. The specimen retrofitted using double-sided HDC layers with built-in steel bars showed a significant increment in the lateral resistance, whereas decreased the deformation capacity and energy dissipation. One calculation formula of diagonal shear bearing capacity of HDC-based retrofitted concrete masonry wall is put forward, and the calculation models for shear sliding and bending rocking bearing capacity of HDC-based retrofitted concrete masonry wall are established by analyzing the stress distribution of the bottom section of bending rocking failure and shear sliding failure specimens, and the calculated results match well with the experimental values.