Abstract: This study designs prestressed box girder explosion protection tests with 1∶5 scale. The explosion protection properties of its steel plate, UHPC layer and, composite layer against one box girder are studied. The test results show that the unprotected box girder roof damage is more serious than protected box girders. The local penetrating failure occurs in the box girder top plate under deck explosion, and top plate presents the punching failure characteristics. The web and bottom plates exhibit bending stress characteristics. Meanwhile, the different protective layer influences on the box girder explosion dynamic response are analyzed upon test data. The box girder explosion numerical analysis is carried out, and the numerical simulation accuracy is verified by the test data. Based on the numerical results, the energy absorption law and explosive energy dissipation capacity of the different protective layers are studied. The research revealed that the composite protective layer energy dissipation is relatively large, and that the energy dissipation capacity of foam aluminum layer with good ductility is relatively strong. The protective layer sensitivity to the dynamic response of the box girder is studied. The analysis shows that: the UHPC layer is sensitive to the prestress change and to the box girder explosion damage area, but has little influence on the rebars stress.