STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC SPHERES REINFORCED POROUS ALUMINUM MATRIX
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摘要:
为了研究陶瓷球增强多孔铝复合材料的压缩性能，对2组不同陶瓷球含量的复合材料进行了准静态压缩试验，并基于非线性有限元软件ABAQUS建立了相应的数值模型。将有限元模拟结果与试验结果进行对比验证，并从陶瓷球粒径、体积分数和材料性质三个方面深入研究了该复合材料的力学特性、破坏模式以及能量吸收能力。研究表明：复合材料内陶瓷球体积分数的提升能一定程度增强材料的线弹性阶段弹性模量，而陶瓷粒径和材料类型对此影响不大。在塑性变形阶段，更大的陶瓷球体积分数和更小的陶瓷粒径有助于提高应力平台区的斜率；静态压缩下，复合材料较薄孔壁发生塑性变形，内部陶瓷球体接触导致应力集中，随着压缩进行球体与多孔铝基体界面脱粘，部分球体碎裂，裂纹沿材料孔壁薄弱区域扩展，导致材料变形失效；较小粒径的陶瓷球、一定程度提高陶瓷球的体积分数以及使用Al2O3作为增强相相较SiC可进一步提高复合材料的能量吸收能力。
Abstract:To study the compressive properties of ceramic spheres reinforced porous aluminum composites, quasi-static compression tests of composites with two different ceramic sphere contents were carried out, and the corresponding numerical models were established based on the nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and the mechanical properties, failure modes and energy absorption capacity of the composites were analyzed from three aspects: ceramic sphere particle size, volume fraction and material properties. The results show that the increase of the volume fraction of ceramic spheres in the composite material can enhance the Young 's modulus of the material in the linear elastic stage to a certain extent, while the ceramic particle size and material type have little effect on it. In the plastic deformation stage, larger ceramic sphere volume fraction and smaller ceramic particle size contribute to the increase of the slope of the stress plateau region. Under quasi-static compression, the plastic deformation occurs in the thinner hole wall of the composite material, and the contact of the internal ceramic spheres leads to the stress concentration. As the compression proceeds, the interface between the sphere and the porous aluminum matrix is deboned, and some of the spheres are fragmented. Cracks propagate along the weak area of the material hole wall, resulting in the deformation and failure of material. The energy absorption capacity of the composites can be further improved by adding smaller ceramic spheres, increasing the volume fraction of ceramic spheres to a certain extent, and using Al2O3 as the reinforcing phase rather than SiC.
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图 1 陶瓷球增强多孔铝复合材料试样
Figure 1. Ceramic spheres reinforced porous aluminum matrix specimen
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图 7 多孔铝模型截面和复合材料模型截面
Figure 7. Porous aluminum model cross-section and composite model cross-section
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图 9 内聚界面强度-分离位移曲线
Figure 9. Cohesive interface strength-separation displacement curves
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图 10 50%孔隙率多孔铝有限元模型应力-应变曲线与试验对比
Figure 10. Comparison of stress-strain curves between 50% porosity porous aluminum finite element model and experiments
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图 13 应力-应变曲线及能量吸收-应变曲线
Figure 13. Stress-strain curves and energy absorption-strain curves
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图 14 应力-应变曲线及能量吸收-应变曲线
Figure 14. Stress-strain curves and energy absorption-strain curves
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图 15 不同陶瓷材质有限元模型截面的应力云图
Figure 15. Stress nephogram of finite element model cross-section under different ceramic material
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图 16 不同应变下有限元截面的应力云图(Al2O3/SiC)
Figure 16. Stress nephogram of finite element model cross-section under different strain (Al2O3/SiC)
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图 17 应力-应变曲线及能量吸收-应变曲线
Figure 17. Stress-strain curves and energy absorption-strain curves
表 1 材料参数
Table 1 Material parameters
试样 长度/
mm宽度/
mm高度/
mm陶瓷体积
分数/(%)孔隙体积
分数/(%)密度/
(g/cm3)A-1 36.46 36.18 30.94 15.00 15.00 2.42 A-2 36.22 36.48 33.70 15.00 15.00 2.42 B-1 36.37 36.09 32.51 4.50 25.50 2.05 B-2 34.90 37.09 35.65 4.50 25.50 2.05 
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表 2 不同应变下的试样
Table 2 Specimens under different strains
A-1 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.2 A-2 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.2 B-1 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.2 B-2 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.2
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表 3 球体模型参数
Table 3 Sphere model parameters
陶瓷粒径/mm 球体体积分数/(%) 期望体积分数/(%) 误差/(%) 3 30.044 30 0.15 4 30.148 30 0.49 4 50.025 50 0.05 5 30.013 30 0.04
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材料初始屈服
应力A/MPa材料应变硬化
模量B/MPa材料硬化
指数n材料应变率
强化参数C参考应变率
ε0/s−182.3540 153.4968 0.5650 0.0049 10−3
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参数 Al2O3 SiC 密度ρ0/(kg/m3) 3700 3215 剪切模量G/GPa 90.16 193.00 完整材料强度常数A 0.93 0.96 损伤材料强度常数B 0.31 0.35 应变率系数C/s−1 0 0 损伤材料强度指数M 0.6 1.0 完整材料强度指数N 0.60 0.65 σfmax 0.200 0.132 雨贡纽弹性极限HEL/GPa 19.0 11.7 雨贡纽弹性极限下压力PHEL/GPa 1.46 5.13 能量转化系数β 1 1 材料体积模量K1/GPa 130.95 220.00 材料常数K2/GPa 0.00 36.10 材料常数K3/GPa 0 0 损伤参数D1 0.005 0.480 损伤参数D2 1.00 0.48
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表 6 不同应变下有限元模型截面应力云图
Table 6 Stress nephogram of finite element model cross-section under different strains
(a) ε = 0.02 (b) ε = 0.10 
(c) ε = 0.15 (d) ε = 0.20
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表 7 陶瓷及孔隙体积分数比模型参数
Table 7 Ceramic and pore volume fraction ratio modelling parameters
模型 陶瓷及孔隙体积分数比 期望体积分数比 误差/(%) V-1 Inf. Inf. 0.00 V-2 1.993 2:1 0.35 V-3 0.995 1:1 0.50 V-4 0.497 1:2 0.60 V-5 0 0 0.00
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表 8 不同应变下有限元模型截面应力云图
Table 8 Stress nephogram of finite element model cross-section under different strains
V-1 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.15 V-2 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.15 V-3 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.15 V-4 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.15 V-5 
ε = 0.02 ε = 0.1 ε = 0.15
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