STUDY ON IMPACT DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LARGE APERTURE MODULAR SPACE DEPLOYABLE ANTENNA SUPPORT STRUCTURE
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摘要: 空间可展天线在轨运行时可能会受到空间碎片的高速撞击，为研究天线支承结构受高速撞击时的动力响应特性，采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件，建立了大口径模块化空间可展天线支承结构撞击动力模型。基于已有网壳结构的高速撞击试验，验证撞击模型的有效性。经与显式动力模型计算结果对比验证，提出了一种有效的撞击动力分析等效模型，分析了不同撞击位置和不同撞击速度参数对天线支承结构的撞击动态响应、破坏模式及关键杆件和整体结构变形性能的影响。结果表明：撞击点越靠近结构形心，撞击影响区域越大；高速撞击时破坏模式均为撞击区域小局部凹陷或击穿，结构整体稳定性较好；天线结构的最大变形通常发生在撞击点处，最不利撞击点为离约束最远端结构边缘，应对该处采取安全防护措施；随着撞击速度由高速增至超高速，撞击点处结构整体变形增大，但撞击响应区域呈先增大后减小趋势；撞击速度20 km/s时被撞击杆件快速发生冲剪破坏，整体结构变形区域最小。Abstract: Space deployable antennas may be impacted by high-speed space debris. To study the dynamic response of antenna support structure under high-speed impact, a dynamic impact model of large aperture modular space deployable antenna support structure is established by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Based on the high-speed impact test on the spherical reticulated shell structure, the validity of the structural impact dynamic model is verified. An effective equivalent model of impact dynamic analysis is proposed by comparing the calculation results with the dynamic model, and the effects of different impact locations and velocities on the dynamic response, failure mode and deformation behavior of key members and the whole structure are analyzed. The results show that a closer impact point to the structure centroid leads to a larger impact area. Small local depression or breakdown occurs in the impact area, and the overall stability of the structure is good. The maximum deformation of antenna structure usually occurs at the impact point, and the most adverse impact point is the farthest from the constraint, where the safety measures should be taken. As the impact velocity increases from high speed to ultra-high speed, the overall deformation of the support structure increases at the impact point, but the impact response region increases initially and then decreases. When the impact velocity is 20 km/s, the rod suffers shear failure rapidly and the deformation area of the whole structure is minimum.
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图 12 两种不同模型下结构变形对比图
Figure 12. Comparison of structural deformation under two different models
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图 13 不同撞击位置支承结构变形图
Figure 13. Deformations of support structure at different impact positions
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图 14 不同撞击速度下支承结构变形图
Figure 14. Deformations of support structure at different impact velocities
表 1 杆件尺寸及数量
Table 1 Size and number of rods
构件名称 外径/mm 壁厚/mm 数量/根 环杆 14 1.0 90 主肋 14 1.0 30 斜杆 10 0.8 120 
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表 2 两种模型计算结果对比
Table 2 Comparison of calculation results
撞击速度/
(km/s)撞击点变形/mm 相邻杆平均变形/mm 破坏模式 显式 等效 显式 等效 0.1 9.42 8.8 17.00 16.12 结构整体
凹陷0.2 15.49 14.8 11.83 12.00 局部凹陷 0.4 16.88 16.8 14.80 13.95 局部凹陷 0.6 15.40 12.4 10.00 10.25 局部凹陷 0.8 6.24 6.4 1.12 1.89 杆件压断 1.0 4.57 4.6 1.23 1.35 杆件压断 2.0 1.95 2.0 0.60 0.68 节点击穿 4.0 1.50 1.9 0.60 0.53 节点击穿
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表 3 不同撞击位置下结构最大位移
Table 3 Maximum deformations at different impact positions
撞击点位 2228 1115 2 652 最大位移/mm 23.04 6.10 2.79 2.78
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表 4 不同撞击速度下结构最大位移
Table 4 Maximum deformations of support structure at different impact velocities
撞击速度/(km/s) 5 10 15 20 最大位移/mm 6.19 11.75 17.32 23.04
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