Abstract: To study the aseismic behavior of a monolithic precast concrete structure (MPCS), two 1:5 scale models of 12-storey monolithic precast concrete and cast-in-place shear wall structures (CIPS) made under the same conditions were tested by a shaking table. The crack pattern, failure mechanism, natural frequency, vibration mode and damping ratio, storey shear, overturning moment, inter-storey drift, maximum interlayer displacement angle, and ductility coefficient were analyzed contrastively. For the initial damage of the connection in a monolithic precast concrete structure, the natural frequency decreased obviously after the first earthquake excitation. While the vibration modes and damping ratios were similar. In the elastic stage, the storey shear, overturning moment, inter-storey drift, and maximum interlayer displacement angle changed along the increasing of the PGA of input seismic waves, and the values were similar too. In the plastic stage, the cracks and the distribution of the two model structures were different. As the differences of damage mechanism and crack distribution, the natural frequency and maximum interlayer displacement angle of cast-in-place structure were greater than that of the monolithic precast concrete structure. The aseismic parameters of the model structures could conform to the 3-level design requirement for the fortification against an earthquake.