Abstract: Uniform damage-based aseismic design implies that structures will develop an identical member/story damage and uniform story drift under severe earthquakes, which can fully exploit the material capacity. In the present study, a uniform damage-based aseismic design approach for steel frame structures is proposed using an optimization criterion method, based on OpenSees platform. The array of damage index ratio will be formed by calculating the member damage index, and the components with severe damage will be strengthened while the parts with low damage will be reduced quantificationally. Based on the constraints of constant material cost and system requirements, the member sections are adjusted. Using an 8-story steel frame structure as a prototype structure and a synthetic ground motion matching the code response spectrum as input, the effects of different convergence parameters on the final structural member sections are discussed. According to multiple time history analyses, the distribution of interstory drift ratio, global damage index, story damage distribution and global aseismic capacity are compared, and the results show that the proposed optimization approach can enhance the aseismic capacity effectively.