Abstract: The viscoelastic materials have many applications in the fields of noise reduction, of vibration control for precision instrument, and of earthquake prevention and, of disaster reduction for building structures. Filling systems such as carbon black and silicon are important components of viscoelastic materials. Thusly, the random sequence absorption method is used to establish representative volume element (RVE) models of carbon black-filled viscoelastic materials with different volume fractions, and the finite element model is modified upon the effective volume fraction. The mechanical behavior and dynamic energy dissipation index of the carbon black-filled viscoelastic material with different volume fractions is calculated and analyzed at mesoscale, and it is also compared with empirical values and test data. It shows that the stress-strain curve and dynamic energy dissipation index of the carbon black-filled viscoelastic material with different volume fractions calculated by the RVE method are in a good agreement with the experimental and theoretical results when utilizing effective volume fraction to build the models.