Abstract: The seismic response of structures utilizing shape memory alloys (SMAs) or viscoelastic material is related to temperature, in which the influence of temperature and the uncertainty of regional temperature distribution should be taken into consideration. Based on the performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework, this research aims to develop a seismic risk assessment methodology for temperature-dependent (TD) structures considering regional temperature distribution characteristics. The traditional seismic fragility is extended to Intensity-Temperature joint seismic fragility, and a modified regional seismic fragility is further generated by combining temperature distribution properties with joint seismic fragility for seismic risk assessment. The proposed methodology is applied to a nine-story steel frame with SMA-based braces located in Beijing and Wenchang. The structural seismic response at different temperatures is investigated. The temperature distribution characteristics and structural seismic risk curve are obtained. The results show that a decrease in the environmental temperature will cause the change of structural deformation pattern, and the structure tends to collapse at a lower temperature. The collapse probability of the considered structure in Beijing is larger than that in reference temperature and Wenchang. The proposed method can effectively quantify the seismic risk of TD structures considering the influence of temperature in different regions.