Abstract: Structural design simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations has received a lot of attention in recent years. Base-isolated composite structures are typically used in the above-mentioned structural design. The corresponding analysis involves validating structural safety under earthquakes and human comfort under environmental vibrations through a time-history analysis. Thus, a reasonable damping model is essential. In this work, the representatives of viscous damping model and rate-independent damping model, namely the Rayleigh damping model and uniform damping model, were adopted to investigate the influence of damping models on the time-history analysis of such structural designs. The energy dissipation characteristics of the above-mentioned damping models were illustrated via a dynamic test of recycled aggregate concrete specimens. A case study was performed on a base-isolated steelconcrete composite structure. The dynamic responses under the excitation of earthquakes and environmental vibrations were compared using different damping models. The uniform damping model was found to be more flexible than the Rayleigh damping model in dealing with excitations with different frequency components. The uniform damping model is both theoretically advantageous and easy to use, demonstrating its potential in dynamic analysis of structures designed simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations.