解学峰, 杨易. 一种通用高层建筑模型烟囱效应的数值模拟分析[J]. 工程力学, 2020, 37(3): 217-227. DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2019.05.0251
引用本文: 解学峰, 杨易. 一种通用高层建筑模型烟囱效应的数值模拟分析[J]. 工程力学, 2020, 37(3): 217-227. DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2019.05.0251
XIE Xue-feng, YANG Yi. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STACK EFFECT OF A GENERAL HIGH-RISE BUILDING MODEL[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2020, 37(3): 217-227. DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2019.05.0251
Citation: XIE Xue-feng, YANG Yi. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STACK EFFECT OF A GENERAL HIGH-RISE BUILDING MODEL[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2020, 37(3): 217-227. DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2019.05.0251

一种通用高层建筑模型烟囱效应的数值模拟分析

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STACK EFFECT OF A GENERAL HIGH-RISE BUILDING MODEL

  • 摘要: 超高层建筑的烟囱效应问题,是由室内外环境和建筑设计等多种因素引起的一种室内外非受控空气渗透现象。强烈的烟囱效应可能导致电梯营运故障、电梯井道气动噪声及空调能源浪费等问题,当前对于该问题的研究进度远滞后于建设速度。在对10余栋超高层建筑烟囱效应实测研究的基础上,提炼总结其共同建筑设计特征,基于结构风工程中标准高层建筑模型,设计了一种分析室内外空气渗透作用的高层建筑烟囱效应通用高层建筑模型,采用多区域网络模型数值模拟方法进行数值仿真,分析了围护结构气密性等级、首层门厅设计、建筑内部空间分割、外部环境等主要影响因素对电梯门压差分布的影响规律,得出如下结论:相较于短程电梯,通高电梯的电梯门受烟囱效应影响程度最大;除室外环境和电梯井道高度外,建筑幕墙气密性等级、建筑内部隔断设计等因素也影响电梯压差分布;提高幕墙围护结构的密封等级,能有效地削弱烟囱效应的作用强度,降低各层电梯门的压差;首层厅门的设计和状态对烟囱效应影响显著,其开闭状态对首层电梯门压差影响较大;在建筑首层或顶层电梯厅设置前室门后,电梯门压差明显降低;烟囱效应还受室外风场作用的影响,相较于热压作用,风速和风向对建筑烟囱效应压差的影响相对复杂,不同风向和风速的作用规律不同,需要结合实际工程的风气象条件进行具体研究。基于通用高层建筑模型烟囱效应的详细参数分析得出的一般规律,对实际超高层建筑的烟囱效应特性分析以及强烟囱效应的缓解措施具有一定的参考价值。

     

    Abstract: The stack effect of super high-rise buildings is a phenomenon of uncontrolled indoor and outdoor air infiltrations caused by certain factors such as the indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and the architectural features as well. Strong stack effect may lead to the operation failure of the elevator, the aerodynamic noise in elevator shaft and the energy waste of air conditioning etc. Currently, the research on this issue is far behind the construction of high-rise buildings. Based on the field investigations on the stack effects of more than 10 super high-rise buildings, their common architectural features were summarized and a general high-rise building model for the analysis of stack effect was designed, which was based on the standard high-rise building model usually used in structural wind engineering field. A multi-zone network model method was employed to analyze the influences of several important factors on the pressure distributions of the elevators, i.e., the airtightness level of building envelope, the design of the entrance door, the indoor space division and the outdoor meteorological condition etc. The following conclusions were finally obtained:comparatively, doors of the shuttle elevators were most likely affected by strong stack effect; in addition to the outdoor meteorological conditions and the height of the elevator shaft, other factors such as the airtightness of the curtain wall and the indoor space divisions would affect the pressure distributions of the elevator doors as well, improving the airtightness of the curtain wall could effectively reduce the strength of the stack effect and the pressure difference on the elevator doors; the design and the status of the entrance door on the first floor would play an important role for the whole stack effect performance, and the opening and closing process of the sliding door would have a great influence on the pressure differences acting on the elevator doors on the first floor; when the elevator lobby door was either installed in the first or the top floor, the pressure difference acting on the elevator doors would significantly decrease; the stack effect would be affected by the outdoor wind conditions as well, and the influences of the wind speed and the wind direction on the stack effect were relatively more complex than those of the thermal pressure. Different wind conditions would bring different results, thereby, it was necessary to perform individual investigation combined with the local meteorological conditions. Results obtained from the detail parameter analyses based on the general high-rise building model in this paper could provide a useful reference for investigating the stack effect phenomena of real super high-rise buildings, as well as the mitigation measures for strong stack effects.

     

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