Abstract: To study the mechanical property, failure mode, and bearing capacity of the SSRC shear walls under axial load, seven full-scale lightweight steel high-strength foamed concrete shear walls covered with straw boards (SSRC shear wall) were tested under axial compression. The impact of various parameters, such as whether sheathed with or without straw boards, whether pouring foamed concrete or not, foamed concrete strength and thickness of the walls, was analyzed. The test results show that the failure modes of the SSRC shear wall are mainly local buckling failure of lightweight steel stud and local crushing of foamed concrete. Compared with the specimen without pouring foamed concrete, the vertical bearing capacity and the vertical stiffness of pouring A05-grade foamed concrete specimen are increased by approximately 1.6 times and 2.2 times, respectively, while the vertical bearing capacity and the vertical stiffness of pouring A07-grade foamed concrete specimen are increased by approximately 2.2 times and 3.1 times, respectively. The test results also show that the whether sheathed with or without straw boards has little effect on their vertical bearing capacity especially for the specimens with pouring foamed concrete. Moreover, when the width of specimen changed from 205 mm to 256 mm by increasing the width of stud from 89 mm to 140 mm, the vertical bearing capacity of the specimen is increased by 60% to 70%. Finally, based on the mechanical property and the failure modes of SSRC shear walls, a simplified calculation formula for predicting the SSRC shear walls' bearing capacity under axial loading was proposed by summarizing the calculation formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of the axial compression members from the Chinese code, American code and existing research results. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental results.