Abstract: Based on the residual seismic capacity ratio, the global structural seismic resilience index and local seismic resilience indexes for damage regions, the ranges of global seismic resilience index and the lower limits of local seismic resilience indexes for different seismic resilience levels are suggested, taking into consideration the importance and social impacts of buildings of concern. Fragility analysis is applied to achieve the expectation of residual seismic capacity ratio of structures subject to certain levels of earthquakes. A conceptual design framework of structural seismic resilience is developed based on the combination of damage regions, damage performance objectives and the lower envelops of residual seismic capacity ratio curves of structures with different seismic resilience levels. The conceptual design framework is solidly based on the description of damage status of structures. Thus, it can be more directly utilized to evaluate residual seismic resistance of structures experiencing damage or sequence-type strong earthquakes. The results from the case study indicate that the example frame designed in accordance with the current seismic code is also satisfactory from the standpoint of seismic resilience and collapse probability. There is a good correlation between the expectation of residual seismic capacity ratios of structures under rare earthquakes and the maximum story drift, showing correspondence between the resilience-based assessment method and the conventional seismic design method.