Abstract: According to the structural characteristics and the specific used situation of both concrete bridge decks and steel bridge decks, a new type of steel and concrete composite bridge deck was presented. A reasonable section form of the composite bridge deck has been attained through the optimization of the main parameters of the composite section. The comparison between the bearing loads of the composite bridge deck, the concrete deck and the steel deck is conducted by theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that it is feasible to use the orthotropic corrugated steel plate and concrete composite bridge deck on some projects. The full-scale loading test proves that the bending capacity of the composite bridge deck is 5.67 times that of the vehicle load action capacity in the current specification, which shows that considerable safety reservation was retained in the deck system by adopting the composite bridge deck. Based on the experimental results, the load behavior of the composite bridge deck in the serviceability limit state can be calculated according to the plane section assumption.