Abstract: The finite element software ANSYS was used to perform numerical experiments for the overall stability of I-section austenitic and duplex stainless steel members under axial compression. The nonlinear constitutive material model, the initial geometric imperfection and residual stress distribution were accounted for in the established finite element model, and with which the buckling behaviors with respect to both the major axis and the minor axis were analyzed respectively. Comparison was made among the ultimate bearing capacity by the finite element model, that obtained experimentally and that according to specifications, which indicates that the finite element model can accurately simulate mechanical performance of stainless steel member under axial compression; the impact of residual stress on ultimate bearing capacity is remarkable in the case of bucking with respect to minor axis being evident; and GB50017-2003 is not applicable to the overall stability calculation of the stainless members.