Abstract: Quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite cylinder structures are implemented by NYL-200D testing machine and drop weight equipment. In the quasi-static compression experiments, both ends of specimen are strengthened. The results show that the major failure modes of specimen without filler are fiber delamination and wrinkling on the surface of specimen. For the specimen with filler, the major failure modes are toroidal expansion delamination and fiber breakage. In the dynamic compression experiments, neither end of specimen is strengthened. The failure occurs on the relative weaker end. The fiber laminates are delaminated and crinkle inside and outside of the cylinder. The failure surface becomes petal-like and some fibers break finally. In quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments, the main failure mode is fiber delamination. Neither shear failure nor collapse is found in the experiments. So compression properties of carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be enhanced by improving interface-bonding strength between epoxy resin matrix and carbon fiber reinforcement phase.