Abstract: This paper is based on thermoelasticity and thermodynamics for simplificity in treatment of the boundary conditions on cold storages of underground rock cavens and obtain the approximate formulas of thermal fields and stresses. The results are very useful to designing and constructing for all of subway cold storages. The curves of themal fields by the measurement are rather tallied with theoretic results and the refrigeration radiuses of around rock are also fitted into Swedish information. In different times of drop-temperature and different changes of extenal boundary, the thermal fields and stresses are calculated and analysed by this method for some practical engineering. Thereby, we have discovered a new phenomenon of "Separation of Drop-Temperature" betwen the support structure concrete and around rock, and explained it directly. All the data of research take effects of an important guiding on the design and development of cold storage of underground rock and soil caverns.