Abstract: Based on the “double-optimization design” concept, schemes of optimum analysis of fire-resistant design for centrally compressed steel column are proposed. The section size and fire-resistant protection optimization design for the centrally compressed steel column are performed by using the APDL language and the optimization module of finite element software ANSYS. In the analysis, two optimization design schemes are employed, i.e., the optimization designs at room temperature and at a certain critical temperature, respectively. Through the analysis of these two schemes, the pattern that the way of results of fire-resistant optimization design change temperatures is obtained, and suggestions on how to select a more economical and reasonable optimization scheme are given. The analysis results show that the secure, economical and reliable designs can be obtained with the present optimization schemes.