EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF FIXING SQUARE-BODIED AND ROUND- BOTTOMED CULTURAL RELIC WITH FASTENERS

The seismic effectiveness and dynamic response laws of traditional fastening measures for square-bodied and round-bottomed cultural relics were investigated. Typical earthquake-prone relic replicas were selected for a shaking table test study. This study aimed to examine the seismic responses of cultural relics under various conditions and to evaluate the effectiveness of typical fasteners. Based on the test results, a finite element numerical analysis model was developed, parameter analysis was carried out, and the movement laws of cultural relics were explored. The critical shape of cultural relics and design suggestions for fixing measures were put forward to amplify the swing response of cultural relics after fixation compared with the pure floating state. The results showed that: when fastener dimensions are not appropriately chosen, the seismic responses of some square-bodied and round-bottomed cultural relics were significantly amplified, compared to their free-floating state. This makes them more susceptible to earthquake damage. The critical dimensions of cultural relics, including the bottom diameter, the height, and the friction coefficient between the cultural relics and the display platform, were found to be closely related to the amplified rocking responses after fastening. When the height of the relic was fixed, if the actual diameter of the relic's bottom exceeded the calculated critical value, improper fastener dimensions would exacerbate the rocking responses. It was also observed that: with the use of fasteners, the peak seismic response of the cultural relics decreased effectively with an increase in the height of the fasteners. However, once the dimensions of the fasteners reach a certain level, further improvements in seismic protection were minimal. To ensure both seismic safety and artistic display effects, recommendations for the minimum dimensions of effective fasteners for such cultural relics were provided.