Abstract: With the development of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and disaggregation theories and their application, the theories of site-specific spectra have been continuously developed. However, there is still a lack of research on the impact of seismic fragility and risk analysis of nuclear engineering and other important infrastructure based on site-specific spectra in China. In this article, the scalar Chinese probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and disaggregation theories have been summarized, and the theories of vector Chinese probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and disaggregation and conditional Chinese probabilistic seismic hazard analysis have been provided. The generated theories of uniform hazard spectrum, conditional mean spectrum, generalized conditional mean spectrum and conditional uniform hazard spectrum for the sites located in China based on the Chinese probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and disaggregation theories have been presented, and the theoretical bases of seismic fragility and risk of nuclear power plant structures based on Chinese site-specific spectra have been summarized. Finally, by taking a nuclear power plant site and a nuclear power plant containment as an example, the site-specific spectra have been generated and the seismic fragility and risk of a nuclear power plant containment under different site-specific spectra have been obtained. The analysis results show that the safety margin of a containment of a nuclear power plant located in China is large under the conditions of different site-specific spectra and the seismic risk values based on conditional mean spectra are not conservative.