Abstract: Aiming at the anti-explosion protection requirements of prefabricated lining structures, a refined finite element model of lining joint under blast loading was established using the arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian coupling algorithm in LS-DYNA. The dynamic response characteristics and damage evolution of lining joints under blast load were analyzed. The effects of key parameters such as explosion equivalent, distance, explosion center position, surrounding rock grade and bolt type on blast resistance were explored, and the resistance mechanism considering surrounding rock constraint was revealed. The results show that the explosion response process of the joint can be divided into four stages: pulse, response strengthening, spring back and free oscillation, and the damage mode is mainly flexural damage. Under constant scaled distance, the joint damage increases with the explosion equivalent. When the explosion center deviates from the joint, the bolt shear demand increases significantly, thereby elevating the risk of shear failure. Compared with the straight and curved bolts, the joints connected by oblique bolts show better blast resistance. The constraining effect of surrounding rock on the blast response of joints exhibits phased characteristics. Notably, in the later stages of the explosion, the surrounding rock suppresses joint opening and mitigates damage propagation, thus significantly enhancing the blast resistance of prefabricated lining joints.