基于改进风场模型的低空急流对漂浮式海上风电机组发电功率影响研究

INVESTIGATION ON THE LOW-LEVEL JET EFFECT ON WIND POWER GENERATION OF FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE BASED ON ENHANCED WIND FIELD MODEL

  • 摘要: 低空急流作为海洋大气边界层中一种常见的特异风况,其发生会显著改变风电机组来流风速分布,进而导致风力发电功率特性变异,探讨低空急流对发电功率影响是海上风电研究的关键基础问题之一。本文以主流15 MW漂浮式海上风电机组为研究对象,在风场实测数据的基础上结合流体力学理论引入改进的低空急流风场模型,在验证该模型对低空急流特征参数描述有效性的基础上,以急流高度、射流强度和急流强度作为控制变量,系统研究了低空急流参数对浮式风电机组发电功率的影响规律。研究结果表明,忽视低空急流来流特征会导致显著的风功率预测误差,与相同轮毂风速的良态风来流相比可导致50%量级的功率降低。然而,判断低空急流发生是否对发电功率产生不利影响不能仅依赖急流高度、射流强度或急流强度单一参数,而应综合考虑上述三项低空急流特征参数。此外,叶片扭转变形及其耦合效应对浮式风电机组发电功率计算结果影响不容忽视。

     

    Abstract: Low-level jets (LLJ), as a common specific wind condition in the marine atmospheric boundary layer, significantly alter the inflow wind speed distribution of wind turbines, consequently inducing variations in wind power generation characteristics. Investigating the impact of LLJ on wind turbine power generation is one of the critical foundational issues in offshore wind energy research. In this paper, the mainstream 15 MW floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is taken as the research object. Based on actual measured data from wind farms and combined with the fluid mechanics theory, the LLJ wind speed field model is introduced. Based on validating the model's efficiency in accurately depicting the characteristic parameters associated with LLJ, a systematic study is conducted on the impact of LLJ parameters on wind turbine power generation, with jet height, jet intensity, and LLJ intensity as control variables. The results demonstrate that neglecting LLJ inflow characteristics may significantly amplify wind power prediction errors, with power reductions reaching a magnitude of 50% compared with normal wind conditions at equivalent hub-height wind speeds. Notably, assessing whether LLJ occurrence adversely affects power generation cannot rely solely on single parameters such as jet height, jet intensity, or LLJ strength. Instead, a comprehensive consideration of these three LLJ characteristic parameters is necessary. Furthermore, blade torsional deformation and its synergistic coupling effects significantly influence the power calculation accuracy, which must be rigorously incorporated into numerical simulations for FOWT.

     

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