数据驱动的树状结构智能找形方法研究

A DATA-DRIVEN INTELLIGENT SHAPE RETRIEVAL METHOD BASED ON TREE-LIKE STRUCTURES

  • 摘要: 树状结构因兼具受力高效与造型美观的优势,在大跨钢结构建筑中应用广泛,其力学性能高度依赖于结构形态的合理性。传统找形方法存在效率低、收敛困难及对复杂工况适应性不足等问题。该文提出一种数据驱动的树状结构智能找形方法,通过机器学习方法实现快速高效的树状结构形态设计。介绍了BP神经网络、RBF神经网络和随机森林三种典型机器学习方法的基本原理;提出了基于数据驱动的树状结构智能找形方法,并构建找形基本框架;对二级分叉、三级分叉、三维平面屋盖及柱面网壳四类典型树状结构进行案例分析,并与逆吊递推找形法对比,验证方法的有效性。结果表明:数据驱动的树状结构智能找形方法能够显著降低杆端弯矩,适用于二维、三维以及复杂空间柱面网壳结构的树状支撑结构形态优化,且在不同的荷载条件下均表现良好,该文研究为树状结构的智能化设计提供了新的思路与方法。

     

    Abstract: Tree-like structures, recognized for their mechanical efficiency and aesthetic appeal, have extensive applications in long-span steel structure buildings. The mechanical performance of such structures greatly relies on the rationality of their forms. Hraditional form-finding methods encounter limitations including low efficiency, convergence difficulties, and poor adaptability to complex loading conditions. To address these issues, this study proposes a data-driven intelligent form-finding method for tree-like structures by employing machine learning techniques to achieve rapid and efficient configuration design. The basic principles of three representative machine learning methods—BP neural networks, RBF neural networks, and random forests—are introduced. A data-driven framework for intelligent form-finding of tree-like structures is developed. Four typical cases, including secondary branching, tertiary branching and, three-dimensional planar roof, and cylindrical latticed shell tree-like structures, are analyzed and compared with the inverse hanging recursive method to verify the effectiveness of the approach proposed. The research results demonstrate that the data-driven intelligent form-finding method can significantly reduce member-end bending moments, is applicable to two- and three- dimensional, and to complex spatial cylindrical latticed shell structures, and performs well under various loading conditions. This study provides a new perspective and methodology for the intelligent design of tree-like structures.

     

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