Abstract: One-way straight mortise-tenon joint (OS-MTJ) is widely used in Chuan-dou timber structures because of the superior energy dissipation capacity and simple construction. It exhibits distinct semi-rigid characteristics, and its mechanical properties directly influences the seismic performance of the overall structure. Recent studies on the mechanical performance of OS-MTJ are comprehensively reviewed. It aims to systematically investigate the mechanical response mechanism of OS-MTJ and gain deeper insights into the seismic principles of Chuan-dou timber structures, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the conservation, restoration and reinforcement of timber constructions. The review mainly focuses on three key aspects: mechanical properties, theoretical models and numerical models. It also systematically analyzes the influence of the difference in theoretical assumptions on the theoretical calculation models. Special attention is given to the impact of damage on the mechanical performance of OS-MTJ, revealing the degradation patterns of structural performance caused by loosening or damage defects. The paper concludes by proposing key scientific challenges requiring breakthroughs and outlining prospective research directions in the field of Chuan-dou timber structures.