RESEARCH ON OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF EMPTY GONDOLA CARS IN FREIGHT TRAINS SUBJECTED TO CROSSWIND
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摘要:
为了探究侧风对货物列车敞车空载条件下运行性能的影响，建立了考虑机车和多节敞车的货物列车空气动力学模型，研究了不同风速和风向角下列车的气动特性。进一步基于Cooper理论建立了瞬态侧风风谱，模拟了敞车空载及侧风运营条件下的非定常气动载荷。最后建立了考虑气动载荷的列车动力学模型，分析了侧向随机风作用下车辆的动力学性能，并给出运行建议安全域。研究结果表明：侧风作用下列车前部敞车受到的气动侧力和升力最大；风向角为90°条件下横风对车辆运行安全性影响最显著，且各项安全性指标随风速增大迅速增大；当风速超过20 m/s时，敞车空载运行安全性随风速增大迅速恶化。
Abstract:To investigate the effects of crosswind on dynamics performances of empty gondola cars in freight trains, the aerodynamic model of a freight train with locomotive and multiple empty gondola cars was established, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the train under different wind speeds and wind angles were studied. The crosswind spectrum was further developed based on the Cooper theory, and the unsteady aerodynamic loads applied to the wagons under side wind were calculated. Finally, the dynamic model of the train considering aerodynamic loads was established, and the dynamics performances of empty gondola cars affected by stochastic crosswind were simulated, and the operating safety threshold was suggested. The simulation results indicate that the front gondola car suffers from the largest side force and lift force among all wagons. The crosswind affects the running safety of empty gondola cars more significantly under the wind angle of 90°, and all safety indices increase rapidly with the wind speed. As the wind speed exceeds 20 m/s, the running safety of the empty gondola cars deteriorates rapidly with increasing wind speed.
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Keywords:
- gondola car /
- crosswind /
- unsteady aerodynamic loads /
- dynamics /
- running safety
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图 7 仿真与试验压力系数对比
Figure 7. Comparison between test and numerical simulation in terms of pressure coefficient
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图 8 仿真与试验车体加速度时域结果对比
Figure 8. Comparison between test and numerical simulation in terms of acceleration of the car body
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图 9 列车纵向不同断面的压力云图及流线图
Figure 9. Pressure contour and streamline for different locations along longitude
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图 11 风向角90°、不同风速下列车受到的侧力和升力
Figure 11. The side and lift force applied to trains under the wind angle of 90° and different wind speeds
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图 12 敞车1空载运营条件下气动载荷系数与侧偏角的关系
Figure 12. Relationship between aerodynamic coefficients and yaw angle for the first empty gondola car
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图 13 作用于敞车1的非定常侧力和升力时程曲线
Figure 13. Unsteady side and lift force applied to the first empty gondola car
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图 14 敞车1和敞车4空载运营条件下一位轮对的安全性指标时域图
Figure 14. Safety indices of the first wheelset of the first empty and the fourth gondola car
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图 15 敞车1空载运营条件下的安全性指标随风速和风向角的变化规律
Figure 15. Safety indices of the first empty gondola car at different wind speeds and wind angles
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图 16 以轮重减载率确定运行建议安全域
Figure 16. Operating safety threshold determined by wheel load reduction rate
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图 17 C80型货车空载及侧风运营条件下的运行建议安全域
Figure 17. Operating safety threshold for empty C80 wagon subjected to crosswind
表 1 网格无关性验证
Table 1 Mesh independence test
编号 基础尺寸/
m网格数量/
万侧力/
kN侧力相对
误差/(%)升力/
kN升力相对
误差/(%)mesh1 0.9 1065 44.66 − 19.29 − mesh2 1.0 1284 45.05 0.87 19.55 1.35 mesh3 1.1 1618 45.38 0.73 19.77 1.13 
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表 2 敞车1空载运营条件下受到的侧力
Table 2 Side force applied to the first empty gondola car
/kN 风向角/(°) 风速/(m·s-1) 10 15 20 25 30 30 −3.75 −5.12 −7.12 −9.74 −12.99 60 −3.70 −10.04 −18.65 −29.52 −42.66 90 −7.17 −13.39 −20.96 −31.50 −45.05 120 −4.22 −9.99 −16.23 −22.94 −30.12 150 −1.96 −3.54 −5.68 −8.36 −11.58
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表 3 敞车1空载运营条件下受到的升力
Table 3 Lift force applied to the first empty gondola car
/kN 风向角/(°) 风速/(m·s-1) 10 15 20 25 30 30 −3.00 −0.54 2.17 5.13 8.34 60 3.31 6.78 10.52 14.53 18.81 90 4.59 8.58 13.12 18.22 19.55 120 3.10 3.54 4.69 6.56 9.14 150 1.80 3.03 4.27 5.52 6.78
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