工程力学 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 246-256.doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2018.04.0254
• 其他工程学科 • 上一篇
栗志杰1, 由小川1, 柳占立1, 庄茁1, 杨策2
LI Zhi-jie1, YOU Xiao-chuan1, LIU Zhan-li1, ZHUANG Zhuo1, YANG Ce2
摘要: 头部碰撞载荷会致使颅脑发生创伤性脑损伤(Traumatic Brain Injury,TBI)。其中,脑组织挫裂伤是最为常见的一种,具有高死亡率与高致残率的特性。该文基于数值模拟方法对其开展相关研究,揭示其损伤机理,对该类损伤的预防救治与相关防护设备的开发都具有重要意义。首先,该文基于颅脑的核磁共振切片建立了人体头部三维数值模型,该模型真实地反映了颅脑的生理特征与细节构造。在该模型中,颅骨采用典型类三明治结构进行表征,其内外层为刚度与密度较大的骨密质,中间层为骨松质。为了真实反映脑组织与颅骨间的相互作用,将脑脊液与蛛网膜小梁简化为均质整体,采用状态方程表征脑脊液的液态特性,并通过较小的剪切模量表征蛛网膜小梁的剪切传递作用。然后,基于死尸前额碰撞实验对三维头部数值模型的有效性进行验证。该头部模型采用三种不同的颈部约束边界条件对前额碰撞实验进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明:自由边界条件下的模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好,验证了该头部碰撞模型的有效性;而在竖向约束边界条件或固定边界条件下颈部的约束过于刚硬,导致撞击处与对撞处的颅内正、负压力交替变换,与实验结果相比出现较大偏差。最后,利用验证的头部碰撞模型对枕部碰撞过程进行数值模拟,并结合前额碰撞的模拟结果,分别从脑组织压力(体积变形)与Mises应力(剪切变形)等方面对颅脑的动态响应规律进行分析;进一步结合医学上颅脑碰撞损伤的统计数据,揭示了脑组织挫裂伤的损伤机理,建立了相应的损伤准则。
中图分类号:
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