工程力学 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 246-256.doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2018.04.0254

• 其他工程学科 • 上一篇    

基于三维头部数值模型的颅脑碰撞损伤机理研究

栗志杰1, 由小川1, 柳占立1, 庄茁1, 杨策2   

  1. 1. 清华大学航天航空学院, 北京 100084;
    2. 陆军军医大学(第三军医大学), 重庆 400038
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-20 修回日期:2018-12-07 出版日期:2019-05-25 发布日期:2019-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 由小川(1977-),男,河北人,副教授,博士,博导,从事非线性研究(E-mail:youxiaochuan@tsinghua.edu.cn). E-mail:youxiaochuan@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:栗志杰(1987-),男,河北人,博士生,从事生物力学与固体力学研究(E-mail:lizj15@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn);柳占立(1981-),男,河南人,副教授,博士,博导,从事非线性研究(E-mail:liuzhanli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn);庄茁(1952-),男,辽宁人,教授,博士,博导,国家973计划首席科学家,从事非线性研究(E-mail:zhuangz@tsinghua.edu.cn);杨策(1973-),男,山西人,副教授,博士,博导,从事创伤医学研究(E-mail:sepsismd@126.com).
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目

STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF BRAIN INJURY DURING HEAD IMPACT BASED ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL HEAD MODEL

LI Zhi-jie1, YOU Xiao-chuan1, LIU Zhan-li1, ZHUANG Zhuo1, YANG Ce2   

  1. 1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Army Military Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
  • Received:2018-04-20 Revised:2018-12-07 Online:2019-05-25 Published:2019-04-03

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摘要： 头部碰撞载荷会致使颅脑发生创伤性脑损伤（Traumatic Brain Injury，TBI）。其中，脑组织挫裂伤是最为常见的一种，具有高死亡率与高致残率的特性。该文基于数值模拟方法对其开展相关研究，揭示其损伤机理，对该类损伤的预防救治与相关防护设备的开发都具有重要意义。首先，该文基于颅脑的核磁共振切片建立了人体头部三维数值模型，该模型真实地反映了颅脑的生理特征与细节构造。在该模型中，颅骨采用典型类三明治结构进行表征，其内外层为刚度与密度较大的骨密质，中间层为骨松质。为了真实反映脑组织与颅骨间的相互作用，将脑脊液与蛛网膜小梁简化为均质整体，采用状态方程表征脑脊液的液态特性，并通过较小的剪切模量表征蛛网膜小梁的剪切传递作用。然后，基于死尸前额碰撞实验对三维头部数值模型的有效性进行验证。该头部模型采用三种不同的颈部约束边界条件对前额碰撞实验进行数值模拟，模拟结果表明：自由边界条件下的模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好，验证了该头部碰撞模型的有效性；而在竖向约束边界条件或固定边界条件下颈部的约束过于刚硬，导致撞击处与对撞处的颅内正、负压力交替变换，与实验结果相比出现较大偏差。最后，利用验证的头部碰撞模型对枕部碰撞过程进行数值模拟，并结合前额碰撞的模拟结果，分别从脑组织压力（体积变形）与Mises应力（剪切变形）等方面对颅脑的动态响应规律进行分析；进一步结合医学上颅脑碰撞损伤的统计数据，揭示了脑组织挫裂伤的损伤机理，建立了相应的损伤准则。

关键词: 生物力学, 有限元方法, 三维头部模型, 碰撞, 挫裂伤, 损伤准则

Abstract: Head collisions can induce Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and the brain contusion is the most common one with high lethality and high disability rate. Based on the numerical simulation method, studies are carrid out to reveal the mechanism of the brain contusion in this paper, which is of great significance for prevention and treatment of this brain injury as well as development of protective equipments. Firstly, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical head model is established based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the human head with physiological characteristics and detailed structures. In this model, the skull is characterized by the typical sandwich structure. The inner and outer layers are compact bone with higher rigidity and density, while the middle layer is spongy bone with less rigidity and density. In order to simulate the interaction between the brain and the skull, the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and the arachnoid trabeculae are simplified as one substance. The state equation is used to characterize the liquid properties of CSF, and a small shear modulus is considered for the shear transfer of the arachnoid trabecula. Then, the validity of the numerical head model is verified based on the forehead collision of a dead body. The numerical model adopts three different boundary conditions of the neck to simulate this forehead collision, namely the free boundary, vertical boundary and fixed boundary condition. Simulation results for the free boundary are in good agreement with experimental data, illustrating the validity of the numerical head model for head collisions. On the contrary, the vertical or fixed boundary condition leads to large deviation from experimental results, because these two boundaries are over constraint resulting in alternations of positive and negative intracranial pressures at the impact and opposite positions. Finally, the numerical head model verified above is used to simulate the head impact at the occiput. Thus, simulation results for the forehead collision and occiput collision are obtained. The analyses are carried out on dynamic rules of the brain pressure (volume deformation) and Mises stress (shear deformation). By combining dynamic rules with statistical clinical data of TBI, the damage mechanism of brain contusion is revealed and the corresponding criterion is established.

Key words: biomechanics, finite element method, 3D head model, head impact, contusion, damage criteria

中图分类号: 

  • R318.01
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